Teaching And Learning Vocabulary In Grammar

Teaching vocabulary is simple but quite complex in context. The intrinsic broadness of teaching vocabulary lies within methodology of doing it and the comprehensiveness of leaner perceptions about grammar. Research on how to teach grammar is less aggressive in identifying the task of establishing vocabulary as part of the profundity of studying and the basis of comprehension and as parameter of improvement and proficiency in grammar. Over the century methodology has evolved into systematic teaching based on necessity of being at the same level. Through various methods, grammar vocabulary has been taught now and the level of its comprehension by various communities globally is more than admirable. However, the truly profound is the intricacy of imparting the assertions of why and how important grammar vocabulary is universally vital and is the basis of integral educational background and commitment in having education as a backbone of personal development academically in context. The linguistic system is pyramidal structured: phonemic systems led to morphemic systems, and these in turn led to the higher level system of phrases, clauses and sentences (Richards and Rodgers, 1986:49)

Behavioural aspects of learning are paramount in prospecting length of study and the inference ratio of comprehension with much emphasis on the level of understanding and recitation being parametrical in advancing the teaching methodology potential. The understanding of the effectiveness and response potential in learners propagated the introduction of instrumental translation skills inform of drilling.

Translation

 This method furnishes the ability of analysis to proffer basic insight through translation of complex and deep meaning words and language to usable and comprehensive English. Through this methodology a student is taught deductively in an organized and systematic way, by studying of rules, which are practiced through translation exercises. This also applies on understanding difficult and the norm is to look into the grammatical aspects of statements and using the prose and words to make out what English prodigy is suitable and apt to be complacent with the wording and make English statements and vocabulary. Subsequent statement and syntax composition to explicate understanding and comprehension is the measure of the level of comprehension and finally concluding on the structure and correct inference. This summed up the congenial understanding of the translation hence the final syntax, prose and vocabulary.

Example

 In class point out new words appearing in sentences on a text; discuss with the class how and where they appear in a sentence then ask the class what they think could be the meaning of the vocabulary in the sentence.

Example a: ‘The dog was barking when the gate opened and the children came in.’

The vocabulary word is barking. It is figurative and indicative of an action. Based on this figurative and suggestive structure, the students can be able to understand that the dog was responding to something. Out rightly, by understanding that it was responding, the commonplace thinking about a dog is that it barks and the students will understand that barking is the sound made by an angry dog or so.

Example b: ‘There was upheaval in the ministry during the Sunday service at the church.’

Upheaval is the new word and it is suggestive and indicative and also figurative. Since it is the new word the students will learn it as a new word and then should understand its meaning so as to make it a vocabulary they can often use. Upheaval in the ministry means there was up-roar and heave-al a movement in disarray. This means there was a disturbance that was not well meant. It is indicative of disagreement. This expounds the methodology as a predictive style or approach to vocabulary learning.

Cognitive approach

 This is a broad based approach methodology. It espouses commonsense doctrines as the basics of learning and understanding vocabulary within grammar context. Hearing, speaking, writing and reading are the integral basis of learning. This methodology is comprehensive in the essentials of understanding and use of grammar easily through self evaluation based on competence of each common sense learning skill. Listening apt the oral potential of the learner and offsets self doubt so as to improve comprehension skills. The Speaking and writing formed the basis of integrated learning and plays a pivotal role in creating very able learners of grammar distinctively.

Example

  In class make the students read a comprehension then identify all the new words within the text or comprehension. Then the student should learn the possible meaning of these words by understanding their role within the sentences and what the stand for. You can then advice, teach or explain the meaning from that perspective if the students have difficulties in understanding the meaning once they identify the words.

Direct teaching

   Through translation method vocabulary is taught inductively, that is teaching grammar from examples from which a rule is inferred and correct words and vocabulary is also emphasized under the Direct Method. This method creates the open wave learning skill where freedom of expression and communication between the teacher and the student is overt and espouses understanding the need to comprehend and master was logical. It created more interaction aspects into learning. Use of examples as learning parameters and help charts is cognitive. More or so this is learning on basis of policy and implementation. Students became assertive in use of what they have learnt an can see so as to improve on what they are aspiring to learn. The essentiality of pronunciation and use of comprehended words and vocabulary and subsequent oral use of the learnt was instrumental in grade improvement and the general speed and proficiency of using learnt grammar as speech.

Example

Identify the words in a story or comprehension that fit to be vocabularies. List them and then discuss them in class by showing the class how they can be used and where best they can be used.

Example 1a: ‘The golfer birdie was perfect’

The word birdie should be explained, discussed and thoroughly explained.

Immersion

  It is a pedagogy immersion onto the leaner in an abrupt and congenial manner that induces continuous learning insinuation up to the climax of learning time frame. It is a technique based on rapid result initiative and works well with quick learners who are determined to understand and use what they have learnt for qualitative basis and in a broader long term purpose. The technique forces the student to commence an instant learning situation and subsequently start using and drawing out what he has immediately learnt upfront. It is also a difficult approach due to the fact the learner has to use, talk and express his knowledge on speculation meaning he will have to perceive and use his instant knowledge to make it to the next step or level. The ultimate goal of this methodology is to saturate the leaner with the language essentials and figuratively force him to stay put in comprehending the urgency of comprehension of grammar so as to be at per with the basics that push him to learning English. It is on basis of brainwashing all the contexts within the language insights of his brain and draining them for the purpose of lodging another through inception and induction of inception as the mode and channel of imparting.

Example

This infers rather than confer. It is meant to rapidly but concisely offer new words for a purpose. All new words learnt in class should be established. The teacher should list and research more new words then has their meanings and examples of how and where best they can be used.

Example 1a: Workaholic, intense, profuse, diverse, profound. All are vocabularies. Establish their meaning and make examples so the students can learn them as soon as possible.

 (a) John is a workaholic, he works day and night.

(b) The heat outside the class is intense.

(c) The bleeding was profuse and we had to rush Peter to hospital

(d) The culture of the people in the villages is very diverse

(e) The meaning of the school motto is very profound.

Mnemonic

Mnemonic strategies are cognitive systematic strategies which induce scientific concepts in students. Within this method, looking at pictures and diagrammatic representations is the modus of identifying and comprehending the meaning of words.

Community based learning

   Seriously the most simplistic technique that has an easy approach to need of learning and the importance of reason of learning to increase base knowledge through language. The methodology uses easy pedagogical language teaching based on dynamic response to learning English and the intrinsic value of acquisition of the language. The core of this methodology is on the integration of perspectives that conserve perspective language learning. This is through consciously making assertive comprehension intonations to gain more defined insights about meaning and structure of grammar without deferring diversity of meaning and the profundity of conciseness of grammar. Objectively it draws the artistic prowess of understanding and speed of understanding all aspects and ideological perspectives of learning grammar through gradual philosophical approach. It hence creates apertures of making the picturesque of understanding and using inception and induction of knowledge of grammar to be expressed more freely and the students are allowed to draw out the diversity of their insights on abstracted language inception peripherally.

Example

Through diagrammatic representations and pictures one ask the students to explain and name words that suit situations and scenarios seen within the diagrams or pictures.

  Besides, identify words and situations and give them their meanings through the class perception about the same.

Reading recreationally correlate with success in areas of vocabulary

 Reading recreational texts is one of the most valuable grammar proficiency acquisition doctrines and methodologies. Within reading, self training in areas of gaining important skills and vocabulary become very pronounced and a student becomes self reliant in improving his grammar skills as well as his level of vocabulary in speech and in prose.

  Looking into the ability to read and understand as a key essential in improving grammar skills, what is derivate from texts and other recreational references is thoroughly important since they have two way traffic effects. One, some are not acceptable literature for the age group in question and reading them would obviously induce more than required moral awareness towards some perspectives like sexuality and political proxies. Two the studies might be reflecting to extremes of social impartialness and the reading might be inspiring to the extent of reversing moral and academic perspectives hence corrupt the learner, subsequently remove his academic focus and pit it asunder on reading this literature with fallacial aspirations based on the inspiration. Though the two only portend negativity, much of what is deemed well meant in un-indiscriminate and non-supervised recreational reading is that it brings good to the academic versatility. This makes it an important learning aspect. Arguments that justify recreational reading as a positive measure are based on grammar acquisition arguments.

  The impartialness of the perspective is through the grammar learning factor. It is seen as important and a doctrine that has wide language diversity distinctions.  The first argument that is called the sentence-machine argument points out that part of the process of language is the memorization of individual items such as words and phrases. However, S.Thornbury claims that there is limit to the number of items a person can both retain and retrieve. There comes a point where we need to learn some patterns or rules to enable us to generate new sentences. Grammar is a description of the regularities in a language, and knowledge of these regularities provides the learner with the means to generate a potentially enormous number of original sentences. The number of possible new sentences is constrained only by the vocabulary at the learners’ command and their creativity. Grammar is a kind of ‘sentence-make machine’. It follows that the teaching of grammar offers the learner the means for potentially limitless linguistic creativity.

The main idea of the other argument is that the purpose of grammar seems to be to allow for greater subtlety of meaning than a merely lexical system can cater for. This is particularly the case for written language, which generally needs to be more explicit than spoken language.

  As such learning through reading is consequential and apt to the benefit of the learner. The second argument is seen through the fossilization of vocabulary within grammar. The main point of it is that even highly motivated learners, who are able to achieve amazing levels of proficiency without any formal study, often reach a language plateau beyond which it is very difficult to progress. It is considered that to put it technically, their linguistic competence fossilizes. Research suggests that learners who receive no instruction seem to be at risk of fossilizing sooner than those who do not receive instruction. This obviously means regardless of how much a learner reads and understands within his self development stages then defuse his learning and adopt else, he will not become any further functional in principal and that the vocabulary and the grammar will only be partial abilities that cannot exceed what academic continuity and consummation proffers in principal.

Students develop capabilities to learn subjects due to their expanded knowledge and ability to read texts. Recreational reading articulates enthusiasm within the students and it is the parameter of the improvement in reading and comprehension skills. Anderson, Hiebert, Scott, & Wilkenson: Becoming a Nation of Readers, 1985. When this becomes a practice the learner becomes proficient in vocabulary and within this scope, there is notable improvement in writing and speech as well.

Teachers should serve as role models in inspiring recreational reading. Through participative actions and roles they should set examples in class. Essentially the teacher should set aside sometime to read along the class. This improves and inspires perceptions about vocabulary and reading. Jensen et al., 1998

Students who read more and especially in recreational time are better and skilled gram- artists also, they have expanded insights and abilities in other subjects due to their ability to read and understand. This explains in context that reading is essential and contributes to development of vocabulary achievement and that it does not merely but profoundly correlate with it. Lewis & Samuel 2003

Teachers can adopt silent reading sessions in class to improve on getting results in class. Silent reading sessions can gauge and assess the proficiency in attaining vocabulary after the session. Students apart from learning much about vocabulary and how to use it achieve more in reading skills improvement.

Sources

1. Krashen, S. D. (2004). ‘The power of reading’. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited
2. Jensen et al., 1998
3. Lewis & Samuel 2003
4. Anderson, Hiebert, Scott, & Wilkenson: Becoming a Nation of Readers, 1985.