Joints and Body Movements

Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42-0014-00-01 Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Purpose:

What is the purpose of this exercise?
Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken.

Rcise 1: Questions

A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium.

At birth are flat plates joined together by sutures. These skull sutures allow the skull to pass through the birth canal and allow brain growth. They end up fusing together in childhood and to form skull what we know the skull as an adult.

B. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints?

Rigid and immovable like joints in skull.

exeRcise 2: Questions

A. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important?

Provide stability and cushioning and weight bearing

B. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar?

Maybe immovable or slightly movable.

exeRcise 3: Questions

A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? Hinge joint
B. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints?
Diarthroses freely moveable joints are synovial joints

C. Which synovial joint is most movable? Ball and socket

D. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? Articular cartilage, joint synovial cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid

exeRcise 4: Questions

A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why?

Unable to see table 1 on website but I assume maybe Licking your own elbow. Due to your elbow being a hinge joint with limited movement

B. Hinge joints like the elbow and knee have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury? Hinge joints only move 2 directions back and forth movement our body moves in all directions therefore if force applied different side maybe prone to injury due to only moving in 2 directions.

C. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior of the arm) as this action is performed?

When biceps contract triceps relax.

D. Both the shoulder and the hip are ball and socket joints. Why does the shoulder have a greater range of motion than the hip?

Scapula socket much shallower than pelvis socket

exeRcise 5: obseRvations

Sketch your chicken wing: Label the bones, muscles, tendons and joints.

On other attached page

exeRcise 5: Questions

A. What effect will the tearing of a tendon have on its corresponding muscle?

Muscle will shrink tendon will not be much use until repaired

B. Why are ligaments harder to heal than tendons?
Ligaments have poorer blood supply and subject to greater stress

C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments.

Both muscle tissue tendon connect with bones to muscle and ligament connects bones to bones.

C. What is the function of fascia?
Provides sliding and gliding for muscles, maintain organs in rightful place transmit movement from muscle and bone. Wrapping around nerves and blood vessels.

E. What effect would the loss of articular cartilage have on a joint, its bones and their corresponding muscles?

Makes joint stiff and painful, osteoarthritis or lock up joint.

Conclusions

Explain how skin, bones, and muscles are related to each other. Why is this relationship important to the understanding of the skeletal and muscular systems?

Muscular system provides ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Skeletal system would not have support without muscles will look like bones with skin. Skin helps with protection and we would look weird with only muscles and bones.