Country Essays

The two letters that were sent to South India to the Society of Jesus at Rome in 1543 and to St. Ignatius de Loyola in 1549 were written by St. Francis Xavier. In the seventh day of April, year 1506, he was born in Navarre, which now belongs to Spain …

Introduction Arguments are what makes and keeps America.  Howard Fineman offers and introduces the fundamental issues that perennially and perpetually beset the nation which is essential to its becoming.  The book did not particularly provided an absolute and final answer to these questions but indefinitely maintains and argues for their …

Introduction In the period from 1492 to 1504, the voyages of Christopher Columbus for Portugal and Spain were the hottest news. European sailors and soldiers conquered and colonized huge areas of the new world. From West Indies, the first land that the Spaniards conquered, they prolonged into the new world. …

Abstract Russian ballet and opera as well as Russian literature in the nineteenth century contributed to the development of other countries’ culture. The end of the nineteenth century was very fruitful for the Russian culture. Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky made Russian novel famous all around the world. Tchaikovsky, Borodin, …

The idea of Manifest Destiny, which claimed the United States was meant to expand to the Pacific coast, was transformed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries into imperialism.  After the Civil War, American expansion meant warfare against Native Americans in the West, culminating in 1890 with the massacre …

Today, imprisonment becomes a usual form of punishment for many people who break the law. Recent years, there is a debate concerning the role of imprisonment in rehabilitation process and its impact on the society. Sentencing and parole practices have been widely criticized for inhuman prison conditions and poor treatment …

Origins of Slavery in North American             An empty ship cargo, except for 20 or more Africans aboard, of a Dutch ship was headed for Jamestown one late summer (PBS 2007).   The slaves were originally aboard a Spanish ship but they were sold to the Dutch in exchange for food. …

Introduction After the fall of communism and “Maoism” in China, its new leadership intensively embarked on economic policies that embraced capitalistic production while maintaining the socialist character of its governance.  China gradually liberalizes its economy through the establishment of “Special Economic Zones”. (Pak)  Unlike other countries who aggressively adopted liberal …

William Closson James’ “Dimorphs and Cobblers:  Ways of Being Religious in Canada” discussed about religion as what was observed in Canada in the late 20th century. The article expressed how religion all over the world, specifically in Canada had highly personal and individualistic inclinations. Spirituality was seen to be more …

Introduction After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the subsequent events in the early 1990s, the EU found it easy to agree with Russia on its agenda. The democratization calls were making some progress to the indebted and weak Russia.  But the strategy is in shambles now. The high …