Rizal Term Paper

Rizal’s bold return to Manila in June, 1892 was his second homecoming, his first homecoming from abroad being in August, 1887. It marked his reentry into the hazardous campaign for reforms. He firmly believed that the fight for Filipino liberties had assumed a new phase; it must be fought in the Philippines not in Spain. “The battlefield is in the Philippines.” He told countrymen in Europe, “There is where we should meet… There together we will suffer or triumph perhaps”, Two months later, on December 31, 1891, he reiterated this belief in a letter to Blumentritt, “I believe that La Solidaridad is no longer our battlefield; now it is a new struggle… the fight is no longer in Madrid”. In going home to lead a new the reform movement, he was like the biblical Daniel bearding the Spanish lion in its own den.

Arrival in Manila with Sister.
At noon of June 26, 1892, Rizal and his widowed sister lucia (wife of the late Mariano Herbosa) arrived in Manila. A mesticulous diarist, he described his second homecoming as follows: I arrived at Manila on 26 June (1892), Sunday, at 12:00 noon. I was met by many carabineers headed by a major. There were in addition one captain and one sergeant of the Veteran Civil Guard. I came down with my luggage and they inspected me at the customhouse. From there I went to Hotel de Orient where I occupied room No. 22, facing the church of Binondo”. Visiting Friends in Central Luzon

Visiting Friends in Central Luzon 6:00 pm, JUNE 27 following day after his visit to his sisters, he boarded a train in Tutuban station Visited his friends to greet them personally and discuss some issues : (good patriots and supporters of REFORM CRUSADE) from: Malolos, Bulacan San Fernando, Pampanga Tarlac, Tarlac Bacolor, Pampanga 5:00 pm,JUNE 28, went back to Manila Tutuban Station ( Phil. Nat’l Railway) He was shadowed by Government spies The homes that were visited were raided by Guardia Civil which seized some copies of : NOLI, EL FILI and some “ SUBVERSIVE” PAMPHLETS. 2

Other Interviews with Despujol

Other Interviews with Despujol Interviews were vividly recorded in his Diary: Wednesday, June 29,7:30-9:15,feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, gave him hope about his sisters Thursday, June

30,7:30- talked about the question of Borneo, General opposed it very much Sunday, July 3-taleked about sundry things and thanked the General for having lifted the case of his sisters. He was asked if he wanted to go in Hongkong.. He should be back on the coming Wednesday if he says yes. Case secretly filed to Rizal

Founding of La liga Filipina

Founding of La liga Filipina “ The Philippine League” Sunday, July 3, 1892 Meeting of the patriots at the home of the Chinese-filipino Mestizo – DOROTEO ONGJUNCO Present patriots- Panday Pirra, Felipe leal, Socorro, and others… Rizal explained the objectives of the La liga filipina, a civic league of Filipinos. Which he desired to establish and its role in socio economic life of the people. Patriots were favorably impressed and gladly approved the establishment of the Liga.

New elected officers:

New elected officers: President: Ambrosio Salvador Secretary: Deodato Arellano Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo Fiscal: Agustin de la Rosa

Slide 10:

Aims: To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body.
Mutual protection in every want and necessity. Defense against all violence and injustice. Encouragement of education, agriculture and commerce. Study and application of reforms. Motto: Unus Instar Omnium (one like all)

Governing Body- Supreme council -which over the whole country had jurisdiction Provincial Council- every province Popular council- every townEvery member pays- entrance fee of two pesosMonthly due- 10 centavos : Governing Body- Supreme council -which over the whole country had jurisdiction Provincial Council- every province Popular council- every townEvery member pays- entrance fee of two pesosMonthly due- 10 centavos

Duties of the members:

Duties of the members: Help recruiting new member Obey the rules of the Supreme Council To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga authorities To have symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes resident of his council. Report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affects the la liga To behave well as befits a good Filipino To help fellow members in all ways

Rizal Arrested and Jailed in Fort Santiago :

Rizal Arrested and Jailed in Fort Santiago Wednesday, July 6- Back to Malacanang Palace to resume series of interviews with Despujol Lucia’s pillow cases Pobres Frailes ( poor friars) authorship by Fr. Jacinto Despite his denial and insistent demand for investigation in accordance with the due process of law, he was placed under arrest and escorted to Fort Santiago By Ramon Despujol nephew of Gov. Gen. Fort santiago-he was kept incomunicado Gaceta de Manila

Arbitrary Deportation To Dapitan :

Arbitrary Deportation To Dapitan Dapitan, ZAMBOANGA, Mindanao Reasons for Rizal’s Deportation: Rizal had published subversive books and articles Pobres frailes in Lucia’s pillow cases El filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory of three traitors..vices…admin… The end which pursues in his efforts and writings….. July 15 after Midnight of July 14,1892.. Steamer Cebu-sailing for Dapitan Captain Delgras July 15, sailing south, passing Mindoro and Panay July 17, 7pm, reaching Dapitan. Captain Ricardo Carnicero, spanish commandant of Dapitan, last until July 31, 1896..4 years.

Summary

Diccesion of Rizal to Return to Manila

•May, 1892, Rizal made up his mind to Return to Manila.
•This decision was spurred by the following: 1. To confer with Governor Dispuhol regarding his Borneo colonization project 2. To establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila 3. To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attaking him in Madrid that he (Rizal), being comfortable and safe in Hongkong, had abandoned of the country cause. •Latte’s attack, which was printed in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1892, portrayed Rizal as cowardly. Egoistic, opportunistic a patriot in words only. •June 20, 1892 Rizal wrote two letters which he sealed, inscribed on each envelop “to opened after my death” and gave them to his friend Dr. Marques for safekeeping. •The first letter addressed TO MY PARENTS, BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS. The second letter addressed TO THE FILIPINOS

La Liga Filipina (The Philippine League)

was a progressive organization created by Dr. Jose Rizal in the Philippines in a house at Ilaya Street, Tondo.

The aims were:

To unite the whole archipelago into one vigorous and homogenous organization; Mutual protection in every want and necessity;
Defense against all violence and injustice;
Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, andcommerce; and Study and application of reforms.

Rizal conceived the idea of establishing a civic association composed of Filipinos. He wrote its constitution with the help of Jose Ma. Basa who was with him in Hong Kong. The motto wasUnus Instar Omnium(One Like All). Among its members were Deodato Arellano, Andres Bonifacio, Apolinario Mabini, Moises Salvador and Timoteo Lanuza. Although every effort was made to make it a peaceful organization, the Spanish authorities considered it dangerous and on the night of July 6, 1892, Rizal was secretly arrested four days after its creation. The following day, Governor-General Eulogio Despujol ordered Rizal’s deportation to Dapitan. After Rizal’s arrest, La Liga Filipina became inactive. Then it was reorganized by Domingo Franco and Andres Bonifacio. The society eventually split up into two: Cuerpo de Compromisarios, which pledged continued moral and financial support to the La Solidaridad in Spain, and the Katipunan, which evolved into the militant arm of the revolution in the Philippines.

REACTION

PHILIPPINE-SPANISH HISTORY: Before the Philippine Revolution – “La Liga Filipina”

WHAT WE FILIPINOS SHOULD KNOW: We should always find it refreshing to review our history, even just bits and pieces of it, and to appreciate that among our recognized national heroes were reformists and revolutionaries; who in common had social consciousness or concern about their generation and of future generations of Filipinos and thus acted, in their own small way, towards education – for attaining a national sense of community/unity, characterized by mutual help and protection; all indications of the beginning of a sense of nationhood.

There are among us Filipinos, more aptly called AmericanizedFilipinos, and foreigners arrogantly and impatiently telling us to “move on,” to “forget history, past is past,” or claim that nationalism is anachonistic and for the bird; obviously not realizing that in this age of so-called globalization, nationalism is actually on the rise in much of the world –even among the ultranationalists or imperialists.Nationalism is the main impediment to globalization, aka neocolonialism.

We should tell them, especially such fellow Filipinos unaware of our “damaged culture,” that we can not move forward with all the heavy cultural baggages we have, which we have to look into, sort out and dispose of. It is only after disposing all those historical myths, lies and ignorance can we understand how we became what we are today; can we decide on/plan for our course of action/direction and can we decisively act to reach our national destination: national sovereignty and the common good.