Synopsis of Ultrasonic Radar

RADAR is acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging.As we all know that RADAR is an object detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range , altitude , direction , or speed of objects. The radar dish or antenna Transmits pulses of radio waves or microwaves which bounces off any object in their path.The object returns a tiny part of the wave’s energy to a dish or antenna which is usually located at the same site as the transmitter. But sound waves have certain distinct advantages over light waves :Sound travels through all substances , but light cannot pass through opaque materials. Sound waves travels at a lower speed (1100 feet/sec) as compared to light waves (186,000 miles/sec ), so its easy to aquire& process it.

Sound waves can work efficiently in glare environment as compared to light waves.And moreover sound give more accurate results when deployed in use. So here in our project , we are going for ULTRASONIC radar instead of traditional RF or MICROWAVE radar. Here we use sound waves in the ultrasonic range above 18 kHz by turning electrical energy into sound, then upon receiving the echo turn the sound waves into electrical energy which can be measured and displayed. And also we are adding up a feature of location finding using GPS modem in the system. We are here with a plan to go about with our project in the following manner : Block diagram development , Component information gathering , Schematic preparation ,PCB layout preparation , PCB accomplishment , PCB assembling , Cold & Hot testing ,Coding , Test run , Documentation , Upgradation.

Block diagram proposed to implement the radar system is :

LCD
1. For distance calculation
PIC 18F452
microcontroller
ultrasonic
transmitter

amplifier
Ultrasonic
receiver
Keyboard
input
inputr

2. For altitude calculation
LCD

Keyboard
input
inputr
PIC 18F452
microcontroller

Amplifier
LM358
Ultrasonic
receiver
ultrasonic
transmitter

3. For object-location tracking

PIC18F452
microcontroller
LCD
RS232
Level converetor
GPS
Keyboard
input
inputr

For our proposed project we would have the following hardware configurations: pic 18f452 , shift register 4015 , shift register 4011 , lm324 amplifier , lcd 16*2 ,transformer 0-12, 1A , rs232 level converter , gps modem

For our proposed project we would have the following software requirements: Keil /MP lab, Flash magic , Tiny CAD , PCB designer.

The practical applications of our proposed module are listed out below as following : Wind speed & direction calculation, a range-finder for purpose of surveying, determining focus in photography, accurately aiming a weapon in military use.

We are hopeful to obtain a system which would be very helpful in finding out of the below listed parameters : Detection of any moving object within the range of radar , measurement of distance between the system & the object , measurement of height difference between system & the object , tracking down the exact location of the object .

REFERENCES :

[1]“Operational amplifiers & linear IC’s”- 2nd edition by David.A.Bell. [2] “The 8051 microcontroller & embedded systems” – 2nd edition by Muhammad Ali Mazidi,Jamice Gillespie, Robin.D.Mckinle [3] “Electronic devices & circuits” – 4th edition by David.A.Bell. [4] “Introduction to Radar systems” – 3rdedition by Merill.L.Skolnik [5] www.circuit-projects.com