Background of sanction and embargo 

Sanctions provide a range of tools that Congress and the President may use to seek to alter or deter the behavior of a foreign government and individual. national security or foreign policy objectives.Sanctions may be used in response to human rights abuses, weapons proliferation, or occupation of a foreign country,ultimately seeking to change the behavior of those perpetrating these offenses.Example, representatives from several countries also subjected to sanctions, among them Myanmar and Zimbabwe, expressed solidarity with Cuba.Vietnam representative said that, as a country that experienced and suffered under a US trade embargo for 19 years, it fully understands the difficulties and the damage sanctions can wreak upon a country. “The reality of the relations between themselves show that only constructive dialogue and engagement can foster mutual trust and bring positive change”.

Sanctions may include the actions such as limiting trade,blocking assets and interest in assets subject to a country. Jurisdiction is limiting access to the country of financial system, including limiting or prohibiting transactions. individuals and businesses are restricting private and government loans, investments, insurance, underwriting denying foreign assistance and government procurement contracts.Sanctions can be comprehensive or targeted with Comprehensive sanctions include broad-based trade restrictions and prohibit commercial activity with an entire country Examples of comprehensive sanctions include U.S. sanctions against Iran and Cuba.However,Targeted sanctions is restrict transactions of and with specific persons or entities. For example, the U.S. sanctions program related to Somalia targets persons engaging in acts threatening the peace, security, or stability of Somalia.

Furthermore,Embargoes can mean limiting or banning export or import, creating quotas for quantity, imposing special tolls, taxes, banning freight or transport vehicles, freezing or seizing freights, assets, bank accounts, limiting the transport of particular technologies or products.The embargo by describing the effect on trade. economic pressure is one way through which influence might be brought. Embargo are supposed to work by inducing some kind of pain on the target country. From this perspective, trade sanctions and more particularly embargoes should deprive the target country of some gains of trade and provoke a lower social economic welfare.A book, rich in new materials that i recommend it to scholars of the Economic Cold War of America’s Embargo against China and the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1949-1963 by By Zhang Shu Guang because the book is interested in bureaucratic politics of valuable material in Zhang’s discussions of the fights in Washington over embargo’s goals, measure its impacts, and assess the embargo was worth its many economic and diplomatic costs.