Evaluate the Multidimensional Effects of Globalization

            Over the last decade, globalization has intensified throughout the world with far reaching impacts to both the developed as well as the developing economies.  This has been mainly due to the ever rising demands of cooperation and diversifying the products as well as the services in tandem with the changing utilitarian systems (Howard, 2008).  Globalization has therefore been essential and should be encouraged at all levels of management.  It has been referred to as the most important innovation of all times.  Though it is referred as being the invention of the 21^st century, it’s origin can be traced back to the 1897 when Charles Taze Russel an American entrepreneur used the ‘term corporate giants.’  It entails the transformation process where local as well as regional phenomena are unified to function together.  Therefore, it is a combination of technological, social cultural, economic and political forces on a world wide view.  More often, the term is used to refer to the integration of economies through capital flows, trade, foreign direct investments, migration as well as other flow of technology.  As a result of later application, the process has the following effects into the world globally (Jan, 2000).

            To begin with globalization brings large economic advantages to small and large countries all over the world.  It enhances increased trade between the nations and easier flow of capital liquidity by the investors from one region to another.  As a result, the consumers are able to enjoy larger levels of choices brought by the actions of market forces.  Competition from the different firms for market therefore ensures that the prices are adjusted to the consumers’ advantage.  Capital flow from the investors to the developing world not only ensures the increased and improved employment levels, but also contributes massively towards the local country’s infrastructural development.  In US and UK, the ability to produce more products and services have greatly raised with improvement of the world market.  Opening more branches, these economies have low levels of unemployment in their jurisdiction (Robert, 2008).

            Figure. 1 A comparison of poverty levels in different globalized economies.

Model by, Jeffrey Sachs.

            Secondly, globalization has acted as a major recipe for movement of goods, services, sharing of information and technology between the countries and individuals with speed.  As a result, democratic ideologies have easily been shared greatly easing the management of organizations and business entities.  Cultural barriers have been greatly reduced turning the world into a small global village (Howard, 2008).   Trade through e-commerce and technological development has become easier thereby ensuring that people live more comfortable lives.  Sharing of technology has increased the ability to handle majority of the diseases affecting the people.  To add to that, the increased sharing of information has improved the sharing of information and created high interdependence of nations.  Therefore, the resultant relationships have ensures the world is a better place with minimal wars since the end of the World War II.

            However, the concept has different pitfalls that should be addressed in order to perfect the negative impacts it have created globally.  Increased flow and interactions of the people and goods has been cited as a major contributor to distribution of major diseases to the people in different regions of the world.  Due to the immense dependence of economies on few producers, major global interruptions can easily be experienced when these producers fail.  Local companies and factories experience increased competition and thus possible closure causing local economic problems.  On the other hand, there have been high chances of loosing local cultural identities of the people as the western cultures are fast adopted by other economies.  Also, increased production has acted as the major contributor of environmental pollution in the world while international organizations have had large impacts on the sovereignty of individuals and states (Howard, 2008).

Conclusion.

            Globalization has acted as the major opener to the international development for the different states all over the world.  Acting to link and distribute the industrial products to all the regions in the world, the people are able to relate and access the products and services at the best market prices.  The recurrent negative effects should be addressed to ensure that people live cohesive and better lives harmoniously with each other.

Assess the prioritization of American national interests in the post-Cold War era and the changing threat environment.

            Since the end of the cold war between the US and the Soviet Union, a clear shift in the nature of threats has been very eminent.  This has been due to the immediate might of the US and the changing relationship trends that requires new approaches to ensure ample security for its people and the world at large.  Rivalry between Us and Soviet Union and their respective allies between the period dating 1940 to 1990, was manifested through industrial advancements, weapons development, propaganda, espionage and technological advancements.  However, the post cold war period has seen increase in Terrorism threats and events, illegal immigration and drug trafficking, ethnic fighting in Africa and Asia, spread of diseases and environmental calamities.  As a result, US as the immediate world super power has had to device the best ways and means for ensuring increased security to the world and more so to itself (Deborah, 2008).

            To begin with the government has embarked on a strong campaign against terrorism to itself and all of its allies in the world.  All the US allies have been possible targets by terrorist in the last decade.  Israel, Kenya, Britain and Tanzania have recently suffered such terror attacks.  As a result, US developed policies responsible for supporting its allies to protect themselves and the Americans in those states.  Local terrorism brought to light by the September 11, 2001 attacks, prompted increased local preventive measures for its infrastructure and people in the home ground (Deborah, 2008).  On the other hand, Nuclear weapons development that pose major threat to the international community have had to be adequately addressed to reduce mass destruction of the people and property all over the world.  Having, understood the threat, US cooperates with other large economies like Japan and Britain in ensuring that the nuclear weapons proliferation is kept at the lowest levels possible (Howard, 2008).  As a result, North Korea and Iran have been undergoing strict restrictions to prevent possible disasters from them.

            Therefore a clear timing had to be established through exploration of other alternative methods to solve the different conflicts without causing blood shed.  Also use of active deterrence and containment and grand strategy of cooperative materialism have been cited as the main policy considerations necessary for ensuring long term security (Robert, 2008).  To add to that, the Government has invested in improvement of technology and education internationally as a major factor to reduce international acrimony by the different communities.  Finally, use of modern technology in diagnosis, preventative and curative methods that are based on ample research both locally and internationally has increased the overall, ability to address major infections for the people and animals (Deborah, 2008).

Conclusion.    

            Modern threats that are totally different from the ones posted during the cold war period have prompted the increasing use of modern technology and globalization with the different countries for guaranteeing the US people and allies improved security with time. International outsourcing as well as technology transfer should therefore be employed in a positive way to ensure that the world is a better place instead of using it for terror attacks for other people.

Reference list

Deborah, C. (2008). War, Citizenship, Territory. London: Routledge.

Howard, J. (2008). Globalization: Universal Trends, Regional Implications. New York: UPNE     Publishers.

Jan, A. S. (2000). Globalization: A Critical Introduction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan,.

Robert, J. (2008). Futurecast: How Superpowers, Populations, and Globalization Will Change   the Way You Live and Work Shapiro. Washington: St. Martin’s Press